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A building materials engineer's answer to PVC

2024/06/24 PVC flooring, also known as "lightweight flooring," is a highly popular new type of lightweight floor decoration material in the world today. It is widely recognized in major cities in China and extensively used in various places such as homes, hospitals, schools, office buildings, factories, public spaces, supermarkets, and commercial establishments. PVC flooring refers to flooring produced using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials. Specifically, it is made primarily from polyvinyl chloride and its copolymer resins, with additives such as fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, and colorants. These materials are processed through coating, calendering, extrusion, or extrusion processes on a continuous substrate to create the final product. [1]

PVC Full Name : Homogenous and heterogenouspolyvinyl chloride floor coverings


Material: Polyvinyl chloride



Types:

1.Structurally, there are mainly three types: multilayer composite, homogeneous transparent core, and semi-homogeneous body. Multilayer composite PVC flooring consists of 4-5 layers stacked together, typically including wear-resistant layer (with UV treatment), print film layer, fiberglass layer, elastic foam layer, and base layer. Homogeneous transparent core PVC flooring means that it is uniform and transparent from top to bottom, with the same pattern throughout.

In terms of form, it is divided into two types: sheet flooring and roll flooring. Sheet flooring refers to more flexible rolls of flooring, typically with widths of 1.5 meters, 2 meters, etc., and lengths per roll of 20 meters, with total thickness ranging from 1.6mm to 3.2mm (commercial flooring only; sports flooring can be thicker up to 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, etc.). Sheet flooring comes in various specifications, mainly in plank and tile forms.

Specifications for plank form include:

4"×36" (101.6mm×914.4mm)

6"×36" (152.4mm×914.4mm)

8"×36" (203.2mm×914.4mm) Thickness: 1.2mm-3.0mm

Specifications for tile form include:

12"×12" (304.8mm×304.8mm)

18"×18" (457.2mm×457.2mm)

24"×24" (609.6mm×609.6mm) Thickness: 1.2mm-3.0mm

2.In terms of wear resistance, it is classified into general type and durable type. In China, the main production and use are of the general type PVC flooring. Places with high traffic such as airports and railway stations require durable PVC flooring, which has stronger wear resistance, longer service life, and higher cost.

3.In terms of usage scenarios, it is mainly used in:

Education system (schools, training centers, kindergartens, etc.)

Medical system (hospitals, laboratories, pharmaceutical factories, nursing homes, etc.)

Commercial system (shopping malls, supermarkets, hotels, entertainment centers, restaurants, specialty stores, etc.)

Sports system (sports venues, activity centers, etc.)

Office system (office buildings, conference rooms, etc.)

4.Industrial system (factory buildings, warehouses, etc.)

Transportation system (airports, train stations, bus stations, docks, etc.)

Home system (indoor living rooms, bedrooms, kitchens, balconies, study rooms, etc.)


Main Differences:

Wood flooring can roughly be divided into three main categories: solid wood flooring, engineered wood flooring, and laminate flooring.

Solid Wood Flooring: This is a natural material, offering advantages that synthetic materials cannot replace. It's non-toxic, odorless, comfortable to walk on, and provides warmth in winter and coolness in summer. However, it is expensive, consumes a large amount of hardwood resources, requires significant effort for installation and maintenance (vulnerable to fire, water, and moisture), and can undergo significant dimensional changes with variations in relative humidity.

Engineered Wood Flooring: It mimics the beautiful wood grain appearance of solid wood flooring and has good dimensional stability. It's easier to install and maintain compared to solid wood flooring. However, it still shares the drawbacks of being vulnerable to fire, water, and moisture. It is also less environmentally friendly and less wear-resistant compared to PVC flooring.

Laminate Flooring: The core material is medium-density or high-density fiberboard or particleboard, with a surface layer of wear-resistant material impregnated decorative paper. This ensures good wear resistance, resistance to cigarette burns, scratches, and dirt, but it falls short compared to PVC flooring in terms of wear resistance and stain resistance.

Comparison with Plastic Vinyl Flooring:

Plastic vinyl flooring and PVC flooring are not the same product. Some people refer to PVC flooring as vinyl flooring or plastic flooring, but this is a confusion of two different types of flooring.

Plastic Vinyl Flooring (Vinyl Sheet): It's a very low-end product mainly composed of plastic. It is susceptible to fire and aging, with a short lifespan.

Comparison with Bamboo Flooring:

Bamboo flooring is also made from processed natural bamboo wood, known for its green environmental credentials. However, it shares some drawbacks such as being vulnerable to water, fire, and moisture. It can expand, deform, or crack due to indoor temperature and humidity changes, and may even mold in severe cases.

The surface of bamboo flooring is painted, making it less wear-resistant and more susceptible to scratches.

Bamboo flooring requires frequent waxing and maintenance, and it has poor corrosion resistance.

the main features of PVC flooring:

PVC flooring is the most commonly used and popular type of resilient flooring. Due to its superior performance and environmental protection, PVC flooring has widely replaced tiles and wooden flooring in developed countries, becoming the preferred choice for floor decoration materials. Its disadvantages include vulnerability to heavy objects and wheel pressure, which can cause indentations. Compared to other types of flooring, PVC flooring has many advantages:

Environmentally Friendly:PVC flooring is primarily made from polyvinyl chloride, a non-toxic, renewable resource widely used in everyday items such as non-food grade packaging bags, garbage bags, and architectural finishes. Stone plastic flooring (sheet material) is mainly composed of natural stone powder, certified by national authorities to be free from any radioactive elements, making it a new environmentally friendly flooring material. Any qualified PVC flooring must undergo ISO 9000 international quality system certification and ISO 14001 international environmental certification.

Super Lightweight and Thin:PVC flooring ranges in thickness from 1.6mm to 9mm, weighing only 2-7kg per square meter. This provides unparalleled advantages in building load-bearing and space savings, particularly advantageous in the renovation of old buildings.

Superior Wear Resistance:The surface of PVC flooring is equipped with a special high-tech processed transparent wear-resistant layer, ensuring excellent wear resistance. Depending on the thickness, the wear-resistant layer can last 5-10 years under normal conditions. PVC flooring is highly resistant to wear and tear, making it increasingly popular in high-traffic areas such as hospitals, schools, office buildings, malls, supermarkets, and transportation vehicles.

High Elasticity and Impact Resistance:PVC flooring is soft in texture, offering excellent elasticity under impact from heavy objects. Sheet flooring has even better flexibility, providing comfortable foot feel often referred to as "soft gold." Its strong impact resistance ensures minimal damage from heavy impacts, effectively reducing injury rates by nearly 70% in spaces with high foot traffic, according to recent research.

Superior Anti-Slip Properties:The wear-resistant layer on the surface of PVC flooring provides excellent anti-slip properties, offering better grip compared to ordinary flooring materials, especially when wet. This makes PVC flooring the preferred choice in public places with high safety requirements such as airports, hospitals, kindergartens, and schools, where it has become increasingly popular in China in recent years.

Fire and Flame Retardant:Qualified PVC flooring meets Class B1 fire protection standards, indicating outstanding fire resistance, second only to stone. PVC flooring itself does not burn and can prevent combustion, without producing toxic and harmful gases during fires.

Waterproof and Moisture Resistant:Being primarily composed of vinyl resin, PVC flooring is naturally waterproof and resistant to moisture, provided it is not submerged for long periods. It does not swell or distort due to high humidity and is resistant to mold growth.

Sound Absorption and Noise Reduction:PVC flooring offers superior sound absorption, reducing noise levels by up to 20 decibels compared to ordinary floor materials. This makes it ideal for quiet environments such as hospital wards, school libraries, auditoriums, and theaters, minimizing the disturbance caused by footsteps and high heels.

Antibacterial Performance:The surface of PVC flooring undergoes special antibacterial treatment and is enhanced with antibacterial agents, exhibiting strong germ-killing and bacteria-repelling capabilities against most bacteria.

Small Joints and Seamless Welding:Special-patterned PVC sheet flooring, when installed with rigorous construction, features very small joints that are nearly invisible from a distance. PVC roll flooring utilizes seamless welding technology, achieving completely seamless joints, which ordinary flooring cannot achieve. This optimizes the overall effect and visual appeal of the floor, making it ideal for environments requiring high overall visual effects and sterilization requirements, such as office spaces and hospital operating rooms.

Easy Cutting and Assembly:PVC flooring can be easily cut with a good utility knife for flexible customization with different patterns and colors. This allows designers to fully utilize their creativity to achieve ideal decorative effects, turning your floor into an artwork and your living space into an artistic hall filled with artistic atmosphere.

Quick Installation:PVC flooring installation is rapid and does not require cement mortar. With good ground conditions, specialized environmentally friendly adhesives can be used for bonding, allowing the floor to be used just 24 hours after installation.

Wide Variety of Designs:PVC flooring offers a wide variety of designs such as carpet patterns, stone patterns, and wood floor patterns, and can even be customized. Its realistic and beautiful patterns, coupled with rich and colorful accessories and decorative strips, can create stunning decorative effects.

Acid and Alkali Resistance:PVC flooring has been tested by authoritative institutions for strong resistance to acid and alkali corrosion, making it suitable for use in harsh environments such as hospitals, laboratories, and research institutes.

Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Insulation:PVC flooring has good thermal conductivity, ensuring even heat dissipation with a small coefficient of thermal expansion, making it stable. In countries and regions like Europe, America, Japan, and Korea, PVC flooring is the preferred product for radiant heating systems, especially suitable for home installation, particularly in cold regions of northern China.

Easy Maintenance:PVC flooring is very easy to maintain; simply wipe the floor with a mop when dirty. To maintain long-lasting brightness, periodic waxing is recommended, with maintenance frequency significantly lower than other types of flooring.

Environmentally Renewable:In today's pursuit of sustainable development, with new materials and energy sources emerging constantly, PVC flooring stands out as the only flooring material that can be recycled and reused, contributing to environmental protection.

I hope this comprehensive list of features helps you understand the advantages of PVC flooring!


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