Iphaneli yeAluminiyam ehlanganisiweyo yabavelisi kunye nababoneleli eChina ukusukela ngo-2002 - iHenglicai ACP
Ulwimi
Iphaneli yeAluminiyam ehlanganisiweyo yabavelisi kunye nababoneleli eChina ukusukela ngo-2002 - iHenglicai ACP
I-Asbestos, iqela leeminerali ezenzeka ngokwendalo ezineempawu ezikhethekileyo zokukwazi ukumelana nomlilo, yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulwakhiwo nakwamanye amashishini de kwafunyanwa iziphumo zayo eziyingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Izifo ezinxulumene ne-asbestos, ezinjengomhlaza wemiphunga kunye ne-mesothelioma, ziye zabulala abantu abaninzi, okukhokelela ekwandeni kolwazi kunye nemithetho engqongqo malunga nokususwa kunye nolawulo lwayo. Kumxholo we-asbestos, i-ACM imele i-Asbestos-Containing Material. Kulo lonke eli nqaku, siya kuhlolisisa inkcazo ye-ACM, iifom zayo ezahlukeneyo, iingozi ezinokuthi zibe khona, imimiselo ejikelezayo, kunye nokubaluleka kovavanyo lobugcisa kunye neenkqubo zokususa.
I. Ukuqonda i-ACM: Yintoni?
I-Asbestos-Containing Material (ACM) ibhekisela kuyo nayiphi na imveliso okanye izinto eziqulethe iifayibha ze-asbestos. Le micu incinci kakhulu kwaye inokuhamba emoyeni xa i-ACM yonakele, iphazamisekile, okanye iyancipha. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ye-ACM ibandakanya izinto zokugquma, iithayile zesilingi, iithayile zomgangatho wevinyl, izinto zokuphahla, kunye neepeyinti ezibhalwe. Ngenxa yeengozi zempilo ezinokubakho ezinxulumene ne-asbestos, kubalulekile ukuchonga nokulawula i-ACM ngokufanelekileyo.
II. Iifom ezahlukeneyo ze-ACM
I-ACM inokuthi ihlelwe kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili: ezinokufakeka kunye ne-non-friable.
a) I-ACM enokucoleka: I-ACM enokuqhawuka lula okanye icolwe, ikhuphe imicu ye-asbestos emoyeni. Olu hlobo lwe-ACM lubonwa njengengozi kakhulu njengoko lukhupha iifiber eziphuma emoyeni ezinokuphefumlelwa lula. Imizekelo ye-ACM enokutsha iquka ukugqunywa kombhobho we-asbestos kunye nezixhobo ezitshizwayo zokuthintela umlilo.
b) I-ACM enganyangekiyo: I-ACM enganyangekiyo, kwelinye icala, ayiqhekeki ngokulula kwaye ikhuphe imicu ye-asbestos emoyeni. Iyakwazi ukumelana nomonakalo kwaye ifuna amandla abalulekileyo ukuze ibe moya. I-ACM enganyangekiyo inokufumaneka kwiimveliso zesamente, iithayile zomgangatho, kunye nezinto zokuphahla. Nangona ibeka umngcipheko ophantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-ACM edibeneyo, izilumkiso ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zithathwe ngexesha lokugcinwa okanye iinkqubo zokususa.
III. Imingcipheko enxulumene ne-ACM
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-ACM kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi yempilo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Xa i-asbestos fibers ifakwe okanye ifakwe, inokuthi ifakwe kwimiphunga, inkqubo yokugaya, okanye ezinye izihlunu, ezibangela ukuvuvukala, ukukhwabanisa, kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwamathumba omhlaza. Izifo ezinjengomhlaza wemiphunga, i-mesothelioma, kunye ne-asbestosis zinexesha elide le-latency, zihlala zithatha naphi na ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-50 iminyaka ukubonisa iimpawu.
IV. Imigaqo kunye neziKhokelo zoLawulo lwe-ACM
Ukukhusela impilo yoluntu, imimiselo emininzi kunye nezikhokelo zisekiwe malunga nolawulo lwe-ACM. Le migaqo yohluka kumazwe ngamazwe, kodwa ngokubanzi ijolise ekunciphiseni ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngendlela eyiyo. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo (EPA) kunye noKhuseleko loMsebenzi kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (OSHA) luseke imithetho ethile elawula ulawulo lwe-asbestos kumashishini nakwiindawo zokusebenza.
V. Ukubaluleka koVavanyo lobuNgcali kunye nokususwa
Xa ujongana ne-ACM ekrokrelwayo, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lobuchwephesha ukwenza uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zokususa. Iingcali eziqeqeshiweyo ze-asbestos zinokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo, zihlole, kunye nemathiriyeli yesampulu ekurhaneleka ukuba ineasbestos. Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo luya kugqiba ukuba izinto eziphathekayo ziqulethe i-asbestos kunye nemeko yayo, evumela ukuba kwenziwe izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokulungiswa okanye ukususwa.
Ukuqukumbela, i-ACM, okanye i-Asbestos-Containing Material, ibhekisela kuyo nayiphi na imveliso okanye izinto eziqulethe iifayili ze-asbestos. Ezi ntsinga, xa zikhutshelwe emoyeni kwaye ziphefumlwe, zinokubangela imiba yezempilo enzima, kubandakanya umhlaza wemiphunga kunye ne-mesothelioma. Ukuchonga nokulawula i-ACM kubalulekile ukukhusela impilo yoluntu. Uvavanyo lobuchwephesha kunye neenkqubo zokususa kufuneka zihlale zenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwezinto ezinxulumene ne-asbestos, ukukhusela abantu ababini kunye nokusingqongileyo kwimingcipheko enokubakho ehambelana ne-ACM.
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