Iphaneli yeAluminiyam ehlanganisiweyo yabavelisi kunye nababoneleli eChina ukusukela ngo-2002 - iHenglicai ACP
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Iphaneli yeAluminiyam ehlanganisiweyo yabavelisi kunye nababoneleli eChina ukusukela ngo-2002 - iHenglicai ACP
Ithini iNgcaciso yeMathiriyeli eneAsbestos?
I-Asbestos, iqela leeminerali ze-fibrous ezenzeka ngokwendalo, yayiqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizinto zokwakha de iziphumo zayo eziyingozi kwimpilo yabantu zaziwa ngokubanzi. Ukuqonda ngcono iingozi ezinxulumene ne-asbestos, kubalulekile ukuchaza izinto ezine-asbestos (ACM). Kule nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa inkcazo ye-ACM, iifom zayo ezahlukeneyo, ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, iingozi zempilo, kunye nokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.
1. Ukuqonda i-Asbestos-Containing Material (ACM)
Izinto eziqulathe i-asbestos zibhekisa kuyo nayiphi na imveliso okanye izinto eziqulathe imicu ye-asbestos. Le micu ikhutshwa emoyeni xa ezo zinto zonakalisiwe, ziqhekekile, okanye ziphazamisekile. I-ACM inokufumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zokwakha kunye nezixhobo, ezifana ne-insulation, isilingi kunye neetayile zomgangatho, izinto zokuphahla, i-adhesives, i-caulking, kunye nokunye. Ukuphefumla imicu ye-asbestos kubeka umngcipheko omkhulu wezempilo kwaye kunokukhokelela kwizifo ezahlukeneyo zokuphefumla, kubandakanya umhlaza wemiphunga kunye ne-asbestosis.
2. Iifom ezahlukeneyo ze-ACM
I-ACM inokuthi ihlelwe kwiifom ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni kwayo kunye nendlela exutywe ngayo kunye nezinye izinto. Ezona fom zixhaphakileyo zezi:
a) I-ACM ethembekileyo: Olu hlobo lwe-ACM lunokukhulula ngokulula iifayili ze-asbestos xa zichukunyiswa okanye ziphazamisekile. Inokutyunyuzwa ibe ngumgubo okanye uthuli ngoxinzelelo lwezandla. Imizekelo ye-ACM ethambileyo ibandakanya ukugquma okuxekethileyo, izinto zokuthintela umlilo, kunye neengubo ezifakwe isitshizi.
b) I-ACM engabonakaliyo: Le fomu ye-ACM iqulethe iifayili ze-asbestos eziboshwe ngokuqinileyo kunye ne-agent edibeneyo, njenge-samente okanye i-epoxy. I-ACM engabonakaliyo ibeka umngcipheko ophantsi wokukhululwa kwefayibha ngaphandle kokuba yonakele okanye iqhube umsebenzi wokulungisa ophazamisa ingqibelelo yayo. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya iimveliso ze-asbestos-samente njengemibhobho, iishingles, kunye neebhodi.
3. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-ACM
I-ACM isetyenziswe kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezinqwenelekayo, ezifana nokumelana nobushushu, amandla, kunye nokufunxa isandi. Ezinye izicelo eziqhelekileyo zeACM ziquka:
a) Ukwakhiwa kunye ne-Insulation: Ukugquma kwe-asbestos kwakusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizakhiwo ukuphucula amandla ombane kunye nokumelana nomlilo. Inokufumaneka kumbhobho kunye ne-boiler insulation, i-attic insulation, kunye nokunye.
b) Ishishini leeMoto: Izixhobo ezine-asbestos zazisetyenziswa kakhulu ekugqumeni ubushushu kumalungu emoto, njengeebrake pads, iclutch facings, kunye neegaskets, ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwazo ubushushu kunye nokuqina kwazo.
c) Ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa: Iinqanawa ezakhiwe ngaphambi kwee-1980s zihlala zibandakanya i-ACM yokugquma, ukuthintela umlilo kunye nokukhusela isandi. Ezi zixhobo zisenokufumaneka kwiinqanawa ezindala.
d) Ukuvelisa: I-ACM yayisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo zabathengi, kubandakanywa iithayile, iipeyinti, iingubo, kunye neendwangu, ukunyusa amandla abo kunye nokumelana nomlilo.
4. Iingozi zeMpilo ezinxulumene ne-ACM
Xa i-ACM iphazamisekile okanye yonakele, iifiber ze-asbestos ezincinci zikhutshwa emoyeni. Ukuphefumla ezi fayibha kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzima zempilo ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezinje ngale:
a) Umhlaza wemiphunga: Ukuba sesichengeni se-asbestos kunxulunyaniswa ngamandla nomhlaza wemiphunga. Iintsinga ze-asbestos, xa zitsaliwe, zinokungena nzulu emiphungeni kwaye zibangele ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli kwizicubu zemiphunga.
b) I-Mesothelioma: Lo mhlaza unqabileyo kunye nondlongondlongo uchaphazela ulwelo lwemiphunga, lwesisu, okanye lwentliziyo. Iphantse ibangelwe ngokukodwa kukuvezwa kwe-asbestos kwaye inexesha elide le-latency, ihlala ibonakala kumashumi eminyaka emva kokuvezwa kokuqala.
c) I-Asbestosis: Ukuphefumla ixesha elide kwimicu ye-asbestos kunokubangela ukonakala kunye nokudumba kwezicubu zemiphunga, okukhokelela kwi-asbestosis. Esi sifo singapheliyo sokuphefumla sinokubangela ukuphefumla, ukukhohlela, kunye nomonakalo osisigxina wemiphunga.
5. Ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokususwa kwe-ACM
Ukukhusela abantu kwi-asbestos exposure, kubalulekile ukuphatha i-ACM ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yisuse ngokufanelekileyo. Nanga amanye amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka uwaqwalasele xa usebenza neACM:
a) Ukwazisa kunye nokuchongwa: Yenza uvavanyo olunzulu lwezakhiwo ukuchonga i-ACM enokubakho. Ukubandakanya iingcali zovavanyo lwe-asbestos kunye nokuhlolwa ukuba kuyimfuneko.
b) Amanyathelo oThintelo: Sebenzisa imilinganiselo esebenzayo yokuqulatha, njengokutywinwa, i-encapsulation, okanye i-enclosures, ukunciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-asbestos fiber. Iimpawu ezifanelekileyo ezilumkisayo, iimpahla zokukhusela, nezixhobo zokuphefumla zabasebenzi nazo zifanele zinikwe.
c) Ukususwa okuKhuselekileyo: Xa i-ACM idinga ukususwa, qesha iingcali zokulahla i-asbestos ezinelayisensi kunye nabanamava abalandela izikhokelo eziqinileyo zokhuseleko kunye nemimiselo yokulahla.
d) Ukubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo: Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwiimeko ze-ACM ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwayo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwefiber. Ukujongwa komoya ngamaxesha athile kunokubona nayiphi na imicu ye-asbestos esemoyeni, eyenza ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuqonda inkcazo yezinto eziqulethe i-asbestos (ACM) kubalulekile ekuqapheliseni iingozi zempilo ezinokuthi zithathelwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuseleko. Ukunikezelwa kweengozi ezinzima ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwe-asbestos, kubalulekile ukuphatha, ukulawula, kunye nokususa i-ACM ngokunyamekela ukukhusela abantu kwimiphumo eyingozi.
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