Abakhiqizi Nabahlinzeki be-Aluminium Composite Panel e-China kusukela ngo-2002 - Henglicai ACP
Ulimi
Abakhiqizi Nabahlinzeki be-Aluminium Composite Panel e-China kusukela ngo-2002 - Henglicai ACP
Ithini Incazelo Yezinto Eziqukethe I-Asbestos?
I-Asbestos, iqoqo lamaminerali ane-fibrous avela ngokwemvelo, yayivame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zokwakha kuze kube yilapho imiphumela yayo eyingozi empilweni yabantu yaziwa kabanzi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ubungozi obuhlobene ne-asbestos, kubalulekile ukuchaza izinto eziqukethe i-asbestos (ACM). Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola incazelo ye-ACM, amafomu ayo ahlukahlukene, ukusetshenziswa okuvamile, izingozi zezempilo, nokuphatha okufanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.
1. Ukuqonda I-Asbestos-Containing Material (ACM)
Impahla equkethe i-asbestos ibhekisela kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizo noma impahla equkethe imicu ye-asbestos. Le micu ikhishelwa emoyeni lapho izinto ezinjalo zonakalisiwe, ziqhekekile, noma ziphazamiseka. I-ACM ingatholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo yokwakha kanye nezingxenye, ezifana nokufakwa kwe-insulation, uphahla kanye namathayili aphansi, izinto zokuphahla, izinto zokunamathisela, i-caulking, nokuningi. Ukuhogela imicu ye-asbestos kubangela ingozi enkulu empilweni futhi kungaholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye ne-asbestosis.
2. Amafomu ahlukene e-ACM
I-ACM ingahlukaniswa ibe amafomu ahlukene ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni kwayo nokuthi ixutshwe kanjani nezinye izinto. Amafomu avame kakhulu yilawa:
a) I-Friable ACM: Lolu hlobo lwe-ACM lungakhulula kalula imicu ye-asbestos lapho ithintwa noma iphazanyiswa. Ingachotshozwa ibe yimpushana noma uthuli ngokucindezela ngesandla. Izibonelo ze-ACM enwebekayo zifaka phakathi ukwahlukanisa okuxekethile, izinto zokuvikela umlilo, nezingubo ezifakwe isifutho.
b) I-ACM Engashisi: Leli fomu le-ACM liqukethe imicu ye-asbestos eboshwe ngokuqinile ne-ejenti ebophayo, efana nosimende noma i-epoxy. I-ACM engathembeki idala ubungozi obuphansi bokukhishwa kwefayibha ngaphandle kokuthi ilimele noma yenze umsebenzi wokulungisa ophazamisa ubuqotho bayo. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa imikhiqizo ye-asbestos-simende njengamapayipi, ama-shingles, namabhodi.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile kwe-ACM
I-ACM isetshenziswe kakhulu ezimbonini eziningi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezifiselekayo, njengokumelana nokushisa, amandla, nokumunca umsindo. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ze-ACM zifaka:
a) Ukwakha kanye Nokugqumisa: Ukufakwa kwe-asbestos kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokumelana nomlilo. Ingatholakala ekufakweni kwamapayipi ne-boiler, ukufakwa kwe-attic, nokunye.
b) Imboni Yezimoto: Izinto eziqukethe i-asbestos zazisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvikela ukushisa ezingxenyeni zemoto, njengamabhuleki amabhuleki, ama-clutch facings, nama-gaskets, ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kwawo nokuqina.
c) Ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi: Imikhumbi eyakhiwa ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1980 yayivame ukufaka i-ACM ukuze kufakwe izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukuvikela umlilo, nokuvikela umsindo. Lezi zinto zisatholakala emikhunjini emidala.
d) Ukukhiqiza: I-ACM yasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yabathengi, okuhlanganisa amathayela, upende, okokunamathela, nezindwangu, ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla abo nokumelana namalangabi.
4. Izingozi Zezempilo Ezihlobene Ne-ACM
Uma i-ACM iphazamiseka noma ilimele, imicu ye-asbestos encane ikhishwa emoyeni. Ukuhogela le micu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njenge:
a) Umdlavuza wamaphaphu: Ukuchayeka ku-asbestos kuxhumene kakhulu nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Imicu ye-asbestos, lapho ihogelwa, ingase ingene ijule emaphashini futhi ibangele ukukhula okungavamile kwamangqamuzana ezicutshini zamaphaphu.
b) I-Mesothelioma: Lo mdlavuza ongavamile futhi onamandla uthinta ulwelwesi lwamaphaphu, isisu, noma inhliziyo. Cishe ibangelwa ngokukhethekile ukuchayeka kwe-asbestos futhi inesikhathi eside sokubambezeleka, ngokuvamile ivela emashumini eminyaka ngemva kokuchayeka kokuqala.
c) I-Asbestosis: Ukuhogela isikhathi eside kwemicu ye-asbestos kungabangela izibazi nokuvuvukala kwezicubu zamaphaphu, okuholela ku-asbestosis. Lesi simo sokuphefumula esingapheli singabangela ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, nokulimala okungapheli kwamaphaphu.
5. Ukuphatha Okuphephile Nokususwa kwe-ACM
Ukuvikela abantu ekuchayekeni kwe-asbestos, kubalulekile ukuphatha i-ACM ngokuphepha futhi, uma kunesidingo, uyisuse kahle. Nawa amanye amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele lapho usebenza ne-ACM:
a) Ukuqwashisa kanye Nokuhlonza: Yenza ukuhlola okuphelele kwezakhiwo ukuze kuhlonzwe i-ACM engaba khona. Xhumana nochwepheshe bokuhlolwa kwe-asbestos nokuhlolwa uma kudingeka.
b) Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela: Sebenzisa izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuqukatha, ezifana nokuvala, ukuhlanganisa, noma izindawo ezivalekile, ukuze unciphise ukukhululwa kwefayibha ye-asbestos. Kufanele kuhlinzekwe nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifanele, izingubo zokuzivikela, nezinto zokuphefumula zabasebenzi.
c) Ukususwa Okuphephile: Uma i-ACM idinga ukususwa, qasha ochwepheshe abanelayisensi nabanolwazi lokulahla i-asbestos abalandela imihlahlandlela eqinile yokuphepha kanye nemithetho yokulahla.
d) Ukuqapha Okuqhubekayo: Qaphela njalo izimo ze-ACM ukuze uqinisekise ukuzinza kwayo futhi unciphise ingozi yokukhululwa kwe-fiber. Ukuqapha komoya ngezikhathi ezithile kungathola noma yimiphi imicu ye-asbestos esemoyeni, okuvumela isenzo esisheshayo.
Sengiphetha, ukuqonda incazelo yezinto eziqukethe i-asbestos (ACM) kubalulekile ekuboneni izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele. Uma kubhekwa izingozi ezinzima ezihlobene nokuchayeka kwe-asbestos, kubalulekile ukuphatha, ukuphatha, nokususa i-ACM ngokucophelela ukuze kuvikelwe abantu emiphumeleni yayo eyingozi.
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