Abakhiqizi Nabahlinzeki be-Aluminium Composite Panel e-China kusukela ngo-2002 - Henglicai ACP
Ulimi
Abakhiqizi Nabahlinzeki be-Aluminium Composite Panel e-China kusukela ngo-2002 - Henglicai ACP
Uyini Umehluko Phakathi kwe-IEEE ne-ACM?
Isingeniso:
Emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe nekhompyutha, izinhlangano ezingochwepheshe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ucwaningo, ekukhuthazeni ukubambisana, nasekukhuthazeni ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Imiphakathi emibili evelele egqamayo kulokhu i-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) kanye ne-Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). Zombili lezi zinhlangano zenze iqhaza elikhulu emkhakheni wesayensi yamakhompiyutha nobunjiniyela bukagesi, kodwa yini ebahlukanisayo? Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-IEEE ne-ACM futhi sihlole izinto ezigxile kuzo, ubulungu, ukushicilela, izingqungquthela, kanye nomthelela embonini.
1. Gxila:
IEEE:
I-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) igxile kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobunjiniyela bakagesi, i-electronics, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene. Njengoba inamalungu angaphezu kuka-420,000, i-IEEE ihlanganisa imikhakha yobuchwepheshe ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa kodwa engagcini nje ngamandla namandla, ezokuxhumana, isayensi yekhompyutha, amarobhothi, kanye ne-aerospace.
I-ACM:
I-Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) yinhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe egcizelela kakhulu emkhakheni wesayensi yekhompyutha. I-ACM isebenza njengesizinda sabasebenzi, abacwaningi, nabafundisi emphakathini wekhompyutha. Ihlanganisa izihloko eziningi, ezifana ne-algorithms, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukusebenzisana kwamakhompyutha abantu, kanye nesayensi yedatha.
2. Ubulungu:
IEEE:
I-IEEE izidla ngobulungu obuningi bomhlaba wonke, okuhlanganisa onjiniyela, ososayensi, abacwaningi, othisha nabafundi. Kuhlanganisa kokubili ochwepheshe bezimboni kanye nochwepheshe bezemfundo, okukhuthaza ukubambisana phakathi kwezemfundo nezimboni. I-IEEE inikeza amazinga ahlukahlukene obulungu ukuze abhekelele izizinda zobungcweti ezihlukene, kusukela kubafundi kuya kumalungu aphezulu kanye nozakwethu.
I-ACM:
Ngokufanayo ne-IEEE, i-ACM yamukela ochwepheshe, abacwaningi, odokotela nabafundi emphakathini wayo. Nakuba ubulungu bayo bunganingi njenge-IEEE, i-ACM igxile kakhulu emikhakheni yesayensi yekhompyutha futhi inikeza izinketho zobulungu ezikhethekile zabafundi, ochwepheshe, nezikhungo. I-ACM ihlela izahluko zendawo ukuze yenze lula ukuxhumana nokwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwamalungu ayo.
3. Okushicilelwe:
IEEE:
Omunye weminikelo ebalulekile ye-IEEE iqoqo layo elikhulu lezincwadi zobuchwepheshe. Ngamajenali nomagazini abangaphezu kwe-190, ihlanganisa izihloko eziningi ngobunjiniyela bukagesi, isayensi yamakhompiyutha, kanye nezinkambu ezihlobene. Ukushicilelwa kwe-IEEE kwaziwa ngenqubo yakho eqinile yokubuyekezwa kontanga nobuqotho besayensi, okubenza babe imithombo ehloniphekile yocwaningo lwakamuva nentuthuko.
I-ACM:
I-ACM ishicilela uchungechunge lwamajenali ezobuchwepheshe, omagazini, nezinqubo zenkomfa ezihlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene zekhompiyutha. Ukushicilelwa kwayo okuhamba phambili, i-Communications of the ACM, imagazini yanyanga zonke eyaziwayo enezindatshana ezimayelana nocwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu, izitayela ezisafufusa, kanye nentuthuko yemboni. Ukushicilelwa kwe-ACM kusebenza njengezinsiza ezibalulekile kubacwaningi kanye nabasebenzi emkhakheni wesayensi yekhompyutha.
4. Izinkomfa:
IEEE:
I-IEEE ihlela izingqungquthela eziningi emhlabeni jikelele, ezihlinzeka ngezizinda ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe nezifunda. Lezi zingqungquthela zihlinzeka ngezinkundla zabacwaningi, odokotela, nabachwepheshe bemboni ukwethula umsebenzi wabo, ukushintshana ngemibono, kanye nenethiwekhi. Izingqungquthela ze-Flagship ezifana neNgqungquthela Yamazwe Ngamazwe ye-IEEE Yezokuxhumana Kwekhompyutha (INFOCOM) kanye neNkomfa Yamazwe Ngamazwe ye-IEEE Yezimayini Zedatha (ICDM) iheha ochwepheshe abavela emhlabeni wonke.
I-ACM:
I-ACM yaziwa kakhulu ngezingqungquthela zayo eziphambili ezithinta imikhakha engaphansi ehlukahlukene yekhompyutha. Izingqungquthela zayo, njenge-ACM SIGGRAPH (Iqembu Elithakaselayo Elikhethekile ku-Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques) kanye ne-ACM CHI (I-Computer-Human Interaction), ihlanganisa ndawonye abacwaningi, odokotela, nabaholi bezimboni ukuze baxoxe ngentuthuko yakamuva emikhakheni yabo. Izingqungquthela ze-ACM zivame ukubonisa ucwaningo oluyisisekelo futhi zinikeze amathuba okubambisana.
5. Umthelela Wemboni:
IEEE:
I-IEEE ibe nomthelela omkhulu ezimbonini ezihlobene nobunjiniyela bukagesi kanye ne-electronics. Amazinga ayo, afana ne-IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) kanye ne-IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet), asephenduke izisekelo zamanethiwekhi okuxhumana emhlabeni wonke. Ukubamba iqhaza kwe-IEEE ekubumbeni izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe kuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana, kunika amandla ukuqamba okusha, futhi kukhuthaza ukwethembeka ezizindeni ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa ezokuxhumana, amasistimu kagesi, nezinto zikagesi zabathengi.
I-ACM:
I-ACM ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wesayensi yamakhompiyutha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo. Imizamo yayo efana ne-ACM Digital Library kanye ne-ACM Turing Award (ethathwa njengoMklomelo KaNobel wekhompyutha) ibe negalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni kwemboni. Ngokubona iminikelo evelele kanye nokukhuthaza ucwaningo, i-ACM ikhuthaze ukuqamba okusha futhi yanikeza isiqondiso kochwepheshe nabacwaningi emphakathini wekhompyutha.
Isiphetho:
Nakuba kokubili i-IEEE ne-ACM kuyizinhlangano ezihlonishwayo zobungcweti emkhakheni wezobunjiniyela bukagesi, i-electronics, ne-computing, ukugxila kwazo, ubulungu, ukushicilelwa, izingqungquthela, nomthelela embonini kuyawahlukanisa. I-IEEE ihlanganisa uhla olubanzi lwemikhakha yezobuchwepheshe, enesisekelo sobulungu esihlanganisa izizinda ezihlukahlukene zobungcweti. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ACM igxile kakhulu kwisayensi yekhompiyutha futhi ihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezikhethekile kumalungu ayo. Zombili izinhlangano zenze iminikelo emangalisayo emikhakheni yazo futhi ziyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa intuthuko nokusebenzisana kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhompyutha.
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