Izindaba
Abakhiqizi Nabahlinzeki be-Aluminium Composite Panel e-China kusukela ngo-2002 - Henglicai ACP
Ulimi
Abakhiqizi Nabahlinzeki be-Aluminium Composite Panel e-China kusukela ngo-2002 - Henglicai ACP
Ubunjiniyela bokwakha bubhekisela enkampanini yobunjiniyela eyakhiwe ngokwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo zokuhlala nezindawo ezihambisana nazo, kanye nemisebenzi yokufaka ingqalasizinda ehlobene, amapayipi, kanye nemishini. Igama elithi "izakhiwo zokuhlala" lisho ngokuqondile izakhiwo ezinophahla, imishayo, amakholomu, izindonga, izisekelo, nezikhala zangaphakathi ezanelisa izidingo zabantu zokukhiqiza, ukuphila, ukufunda, nemisebenzi yomphakathi.
Ubunjiniyela bokwakha buhlanganisa ukuhlela, ukuhlola, ukuklama, ukwakhiwa, ukuqedwa, kanye nokufakwa kwengqalasizinda efana namapayipi nezinto zokusebenza zokwakha ezintsha, ukulungiswa, noma ukunwetshwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala nezakhiwo ezihlobene nazo. Iphinde ibhekisele kumaphrojekthi wokwakha ezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yimisebenzi yokwakha. Le ngxenye yokutshalwa kwezimali idinga ukuhlanganisa izinsiza kanye nemisebenzi yokwakha esebenzayo ukuze kuphothulwe.
Amaphrojekthi wokwakha "amabhilidi okuhlala" afaka amafekthri, amathiyetha, amahhotela, izitolo, izikole, izibhedlela nezindawo zokuhlala, phakathi kokunye. Ukwakhiwa, ukulungiswa, noma ukunwetshwa kwazo kudinga ukuhlanganisa izinsiza kanye nemisebenzi yokwakha esebenzayo ukuze kuphothulwe. "Izakhiwo ezihambisanayo kanye nezinsiza" kubhekiselwa ezintweni ezisizayo njengemibhoshongo yamanzi, izindawo zokuhlala zamabhayisikili, namachibi okubhukuda ahambisana nezakhiwo zokuhlala.
"Ukufakwa kwengqalasizinda enjengamapayipi kanye nemishini" kusho imisebenzi ehlobene nokufakwa kukagesi, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye ne-drainage, i-HVAC (i-heating, ventilation, kanye ne-air conditioning), ukuxhumana, amasistimu ahlakaniphile, kanye nezinhlelo zamakheshi ezihambisana nezakhiwo zokuhlala. kanye nezinsiza ezihambisana nazo.
Izimfanelo Eziyisisekelo: Ubunjiniyela bokwakha buyigatsha elibalulekile lobunjiniyela bomphakathi. Uma sikhuluma nje, ubunjiniyela bezokwakha kanye nobunjiniyela bomphakathi kungokomqondo ofanayo. Ngakho-ke, izici eziyisisekelo zobunjiniyela bokwakha ngokuvamile ziyahambisana nezobunjiniyela bomphakathi, okuhlanganisa izici ezimbalwa:
Ukwakha Okuphelele: Ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi ngokuvamile kuhilela izigaba ezintathu: ukuhlola, ukuklama, nokwakha. Kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemikhakha efana nenhlolovo yobunjiniyela be-geological, inhlolovo ye-hydrogeological, ukuhlola ubunjiniyela, ukukhanda umhlabathi, umakhenikha wobunjiniyela, ukuklama kobunjiniyela, izinto zokwakha, izinto zokwakha, imishini yokwakha, umnotho wokwakha, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwakha kanye nenhlangano yokwakha. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola i-elekthronikhi kanye nokuhlolwa kwemishini nakho kubalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ubunjiniyela bezokwakha buwumkhakha odidiyelwe kabanzi.
Ukubaluleka Komphakathi: Ubunjiniyela bezokwakha buthuthuka ngokuhambisana nomphakathi wabantu. Izakhiwo ezakhiwe zibonisa intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho, yamasiko, yesayensi, nezobuchwepheshe yezikhathi zomlando ezihlukene. Ngakho-ke, ubunjiniyela bezokwakha buba omunye wofakazi bentuthuko yezenhlalakahle nezomlando.
Ukusebenza: Ubunjiniyela bokwakha bubandakanya imikhakha eminingi, yingakho izici ezinomthelela ziningi futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kuncika okuqinile ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo kubonisa ubunjiniyela bokwakha.
Ubumbano Lobuchwepheshe, Umnotho, Nobuciko Bezakhiwo: Ubunjiniyela bokwakha busebenzela izidingo zabantu futhi ngaleyo ndlela buhlanganise ubuciko bezenhlalo nezomnotho, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye namasiko benkathi ethile yomlando. Imele ubunye bobuchwepheshe, umnotho, nokudalwa kwezobuciko.
Ukuqala Kokwakha: Ukuqala kobunjiniyela bokwakha kudinga ukuthola imvume yokwakha, ukugunyazwa kwedizayini yenhlangano yokwakha ngunjiniyela omkhulu ophethe, kanye nokuba nethimba eliphelele lephrojekthi elihlanganisa abakhi, abalinganisi bezindleko, abaqondisi bezokwakha, abahloli bekhwalithi, abaphathi bezinto ezibonakalayo, nezikhulu zokuphepha, bonke abanezitifiketi ezidingekayo. Izimo zesizinda kumele zibandakanye ingqalasizinda eyanele yamanzi, ugesi, imigwaqo kanye nomhlabathi oqondile. Uphiko lwezokwakha luthumela isicelo sokuthi kuqale, esigunyazwe unjiniyela omkhulu ophethe ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukwakhiwa.
Amathuluzi Avamile: Amathuluzi avamile asetshenziswa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yokwakha ahlanganisa amatrowel, amasondo, izixube zodaka, izihlalo, izilinganiso zeteyiphu zensimbi zomsebenzi wokwakha; amasaha ezandla, izando, amasaha kagesi, amapulani kagesi, amapulani okuzenzela omsebenzi wokubaza; ukubopha izingwegwe, imishini yokugoba, imishini yokushisela, imishini yokusika yomsebenzi we-rebar; izixube zikakhonkolo, imishini yokushisela umsebenzi wokhonkolo, njll.
Lokhu kuhumusha kuthwebula ingqikithi ye-athikili yoqobo yobunjiniyela bokwakha, egqamisa isimo sakhona semikhakha ehlukene, ukubaluleka komphakathi, ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo, namathuluzi avame ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yokwakha.
